Julian T
When the packets bounced from one computer to another it loses one of its packets. The computer will pass the bouncing packets to the next system until it drops to zero. Once it became zero, the computer will send the message to the sender that it dropped the packet because the TTL is expired.
Traceroute will use the “expired” message to test the route between the source and the destination server. It will send one packet with live TTL and the first destination will drop it and send the expired message with its IP Address. Now, traceroute will send another two packet with live TTL to the second destination server. The second destination server will drop one packet and send to another destination server with live TTL. This process will continue until traceroute find or reach out to the target.
Jump To:
Installing Traceroute in Linux:
Traceroute is not a default utility in Linux. You need to install on your pc. Below we provided the list of installation command of traceroute for different Linux distros.
Ubuntu or Debian:
sudo apt install traceroute Fedora:
sudo dnf install traceroute Arch Linux:
sudo pacman -S traceroute Open Suse:
sudo zypper in traceroute Traceroute Command-List Table:
To find the options that are availble in Traceroute, open the terminal and enter the command: “traceroute” and hit enter button. The output of the command is,
Usage: traceroute [ -46dFITnreAUDV ] [ -f first_ttl ] [ -g gate,... ] [ -i device ] [ -m max_ttl ] [ -N squeries ] [ -p port ] [ -t tos ] [ -l flow_label ] [ -w MAX,HERE,NEAR ] [ -q nqueries ] [ -s src_addr ] [ -z sendwait ] [ --fwmark=num ] host [ packetlen ]
The traceroute options are:
Options:
-4 Use IPv4
-6 Use IPv6
-d --debug Enable socket level debugging
-F --dont-fragment Do not fragment packets
-f first_ttl --first=first_ttl
Start from the first_ttl hop (instead from 1)
-g gate,... --gateway=gate,...
Route packets through the specified gateway
(maximum 8 for IPv4 and 127 for IPv6)
-I --icmp Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting
-T --tcp Use TCP SYN for tracerouting (default port is 80)
-i device --interface=device
Specify a network interface to operate with
-m max_ttl --max-hops=max_ttl
Set the max number of hops (max TTL to be reached). Default is 30
-N squeries --sim-queries=squeries
Set the number of probes to be tried
simultaneously (default is 16)
-n Do not resolve IP addresses to their domain names
-p port --port=port Set the destination port to use. It is either
initial udp port value for "default" method
(incremented by each probe, default is 33434), or
initial seq for "icmp" (incremented as well,
default from 1), or some constant destination
port for other methods (with default of 80 for
"tcp", 53 for "udp", etc.)
-t tos --tos=tos Set the TOS (IPv4 type of service) or TC (IPv6
traffic class) value for outgoing packets
-l flow_label --flowlabel=flow_label
Use specified flow_label for IPv6 packets
-w MAX,HERE,NEAR --wait=MAX,HERE,NEAR
Wait for a probe no more than HERE (default 3)
times longer than a response from the same hop,
or no more than NEAR (default 10) times than some
next hop, or MAX (default 5.0) seconds (float
point values allowed too)
-q nqueries --queries=nqueries
Set the number of probes per each hop. Default is
3
-r Bypass the normal routing and send directly to a
host on an attached network
-s src_addr --source=src_addr
Use source src_addr for outgoing packets
-z sendwait --sendwait=sendwait
Minimal time interval between probes (default 0).
If the value is more than 10, then it specifies a
number in milliseconds, else it is a number of
seconds (float point values allowed too)
-e --extensions Show ICMP extensions (if present), including MPLS
-A --as-path-lookups Perform AS path lookups in routing registries and
print results directly after the corresponding
addresses
-M name --module=name Use specified module (either builtin or external)
for traceroute operations. Most methods have
their shortcuts (`-I' means `-M icmp' etc.)
-O OPTS,... --options=OPTS,...
Use module-specific option OPTS for the
traceroute module. Several OPTS allowed,
separated by comma. If OPTS is "help", print info
about available options
--sport=num Use source port num for outgoing packets. Implies
`-N 1'
--fwmark=num Set firewall mark for outgoing packets
-U --udp Use UDP to particular port for tracerouting
(instead of increasing the port per each probe),
default port is 53
-UL Use UDPLITE for tracerouting (default dest port
is 53)
-D --dccp Use DCCP Request for tracerouting (default port
is 33434)
-P prot --protocol=prot Use raw packet of protocol prot for tracerouting
--mtu Discover MTU along the path being traced. Implies
`-F -N 1'
--back Guess the number of hops in the backward path and
print if it differs
-V --version Print version info and exit
--help Read this help and exit
Arguments:
+ host The host to traceroute to
packetlen The full packet length (default is the length of an IP
header plus 40). Can be ignored or increased to a minimal
allowed value
Basic Usage of Traceroute Command:
Here, we will share you the basic usage of traceroute command with examples
traceroute tecrobust.com The output of the above command is,
[email protected]:~$ traceroute tecrobust.com traceroute to tecrobust.com (104.31.66.44), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 _gateway (192.168.1.1) 6.026 ms 5.900 ms 6.040 ms 2 * * * 3 10.72.173.130 (10.72.173.130) 40.863 ms 10.72.173.194 (10.72.173.194) 44.518 ms 49.878 ms 4 172.25.106.116 (172.25.106.116) 50.408 ms 172.25.106.120 (172.25.106.120) 50.728 ms 50.971 ms 5 172.25.106.119 (172.25.106.119) 50.068 ms 50.445 ms 172.25.106.123 (172.25.106.123) 50.893 ms 6 172.25.8.10 (172.25.8.10) 49.488 ms 39.637 ms 49.358 ms 7 * * * 8 * * * 9 * * * 10 103.198.140.62 (103.198.140.62) 52.145 ms 103.198.140.182 (103.198.140.182) 52.628 ms 103.198.140.62 (103.198.140.62) 40.290 ms 11 49.45.4.82 (49.45.4.82) 79.721 ms 82.910 ms 103.198.140.17 (103.198.140.17) 87.076 ms 12 103.198.140.17 (103.198.140.17) 76.053 ms 49.45.4.82 (49.45.4.82) 70.809 ms 103.198.140.17 (103.198.140.17) 83.790 ms 13 162.158.160.241 (162.158.160.241) 91.806 ms 87.222 ms 78.612 ms 14 104.31.66.44 (104.31.66.44) 71.376 ms 84.064 ms 82.351 ms
Essential Flag options:
You can use the traceroute option along with IPv4 or IPv6 flag, use the following command:
traceroute -6 tecrobust.com The output of the command is,
[email protected]:~$ traceroute -6 tecrobust.com traceroute to tecrobust.com (2606:4700:30::681f:422c), 30 hops max, 80 byte packets 1 2409:4072:916:f651:bb:a3ff:fe89:2863 (2409:4072:916:f651:bb:a3ff:fe89:2863) 6.215 ms 6.066 ms 5.998 ms 2 * * * 3 2405:200:363:a161:4::ff02 (2405:200:363:a161:4::ff02) 44.239 ms 44.215 ms 2405:200:363:a161:4::ff03 (2405:200:363:a161:4::ff03) 44.176 ms 4 2405:200:801:900::d46 (2405:200:801:900::d46) 44.150 ms 2405:200:801:900::d42 (2405:200:801:900::d42) 44.120 ms 2405:200:801:900::d46 (2405:200:801:900::d46) 44.094 ms 5 * * * 6 * * * 7 * * * 8 * * * 9 2400:cb00:35:3::a29e:a0de (2400:cb00:35:3::a29e:a0de) 101.750 ms 2400:cb00:35:3::a29e:a0f1 (2400:cb00:35:3::a29e:a0f1) 66.855 ms 77.735 ms 10 2400:cb00:35:1024::a29e:a10d (2400:cb00:35:1024::a29e:a10d) 67.454 ms 72.832 ms 2400:cb00:35:1024::a29e:a136 (2400:cb00:35:1024::a29e:a136) 75.463 ms
You can test a specific port with traceroute, use the below command:
traceroute -p 22 tecrobust.com The output of the above command is,
[email protected]:~$ traceroute -p 22 tecrobust.com traceroute to tecrobust.com (104.31.67.44), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 _gateway (192.168.1.1) 6.495 ms 6.391 ms 6.257 ms 2 * * * 3 10.72.173.194 (10.72.173.194) 55.130 ms 10.72.173.131 (10.72.173.131) 55.061 ms 10.72.173.130 (10.72.173.130) 55.168 ms 4 172.25.106.118 (172.25.106.118) 55.144 ms 69.477 ms 172.25.106.116 (172.25.106.116) 55.105 ms 5 172.25.106.123 (172.25.106.123) 54.944 ms 172.25.106.119 (172.25.106.119) 54.922 ms 55.025 ms 6 172.25.8.10 (172.25.8.10) 54.869 ms 54.643 ms 65.730 ms 7 * * * 8 * * * 9 * * * 10 103.198.140.182 (103.198.140.182) 65.519 ms 103.198.140.62 (103.198.140.62) 51.563 ms 103.198.140.184 (103.198.140.184) 52.095 ms 11 103.198.140.17 (103.198.140.17) 73.427 ms 103.198.140.15 (103.198.140.15) 81.981 ms 49.45.4.82 (49.45.4.82) 73.861 ms 12 103.198.140.15 (103.198.140.15) 82.596 ms 103.198.140.89 (103.198.140.89) 75.897 ms 103.198.140.15 (103.198.140.15) 69.430 ms 13 * * * 14 * * * 15 * * * 16 * * * 17 * * * 18 * * * 19 * * * 20 * * * 21 * * * 22 * * * 23 * * * 24 * * * 25 * * * 26 * * * 27 * * * 28 * * * 29 * * * 30 * * * [email protected]:~$
You can control the traceroute initializtion and finalization manually, use the following command:
traceroute -f 2 -m 8 tecrobust.com [email protected]:~$ traceroute -f 2 -m 8 tecrobust.com traceroute to tecrobust.com (104.31.66.44), 8 hops max, 60 byte packets 2 * * * 3 10.72.173.195 (10.72.173.195) 53.732 ms 53.709 ms 10.72.173.131 (10.72.173.131) 53.681 ms 4 172.25.106.118 (172.25.106.118) 53.649 ms 172.25.106.116 (172.25.106.116) 53.631 ms 172.25.106.120 (172.25.106.120) 53.588 ms 5 172.25.106.117 (172.25.106.117) 53.550 ms 53.526 ms 172.25.106.123 (172.25.106.123) 53.498 ms 6 172.25.8.10 (172.25.8.10) 51.966 ms 51.949 ms 51.912 ms 7 * * * 8 * * * [email protected]:~$
Verdict:
That’s it. We reached the end of this tutorial. We shared the list of option can be used with traceroute with some essential examples. Traceroute commands plays the vital role in networking. If you have any query related to this topic and then feel free to comment us below.
